Research Blog · Workforce

Workforce Analytics and the American Worker: Lessons from the Fulfillment Floor

Sakira Afrose Toma  ·  2025  ·  sakiraatoma.com

I spend my working hours inside one of the most analytically instrumented work environments in human history. Every scan, every sort, every quality check I perform at Amazon's fulfillment center generates data points that flow into systems monitoring productivity, quality, safety, and efficiency in real time.

This level of operational data collection is remarkable. What is equally remarkable is how little of it is currently used to improve the experience of the workers generating it.

The $10 Billion Turnover Problem

The U.S. logistics and warehousing sector employs 1.9 million workers. Turnover rates in fulfillment centers regularly exceed 40% annually. The cost of replacing a warehouse worker ranges from $5,000 to $10,000 — adding up to a national economic loss exceeding $10 billion annually in this sector alone.

Executive Order 14017, the Biden administration's supply chain resilience directive, identified warehousing and distribution as critical national infrastructure. The Department of Labor's Future of Work initiative has flagged workforce sustainability in logistics as a priority concern. And yet, despite the wealth of operational data available in these environments, workforce analytics — the systematic use of data to predict, prevent, and address worker turnover — remains underdeveloped in both practice and research.

"The fulfillment center has more data about its workers than most HR departments have ever imagined. The research question is not whether the data exists. It is whether the analytics are being designed for the benefit of the workers or only for the benefit of the operation."

What Workforce Analytics Can — and Should — Do

Effective workforce analytics in logistics would use predictive modeling to identify scheduling patterns that reduce burnout, feedback systems that surface performance issues before they become disciplinary events, and wellness program targeting that reaches the workers most at risk of injury or disengagement.

My research synthesizes the existing literature on workforce analytics in logistics with secondary analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics JOLTS data to construct a conceptual model linking specific analytics interventions to measurable retention outcomes — and then maps those outcomes to the national economic and supply chain resilience implications.

Research in Progress

Paper 3 in the original research profile develops a data-driven workforce retention framework for U.S. distribution centers, with policy implications for OSHA and Department of Labor workforce programs. Target journals: Journal of Operations Management, International Journal of Operations & Production Management.

The Human Side of This Research

I want to be clear about something personal. I am not researching workforce analytics from the outside. I am one of the workers whose data flows through these systems. That insider perspective shapes the questions I ask and the framework I am building.

The best workforce analytics is analytics that workers understand, trust, and benefit from. That means transparency about what is being measured and why. It means using data to support workers — not just to manage them. Building that trust is not just an ethical choice; it is a retention strategy.

America's supply chain depends on keeping these workers. The data to do it better already exists. The research to show how is what I am producing.

About the Author

Sakira Afrose Toma is a Marketing Analytics researcher at Wright State University. Her research focuses on consumer behavior analytics, health-linked data science, workforce analytics, and consumer data privacy.

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